LHC lawsuit dismissed by US court
August 26, 2010 | 12:54 pm
After a lengthy process examining a complaint by Walter Wagner about the risks of switching on the LHC, an appellate judge has dismissed the lawsuit, finding that Wagner had no standing before the court. According to the decision, Wagner failed to show a “credible threat of harm”, and the US government does not control the operation of the LHC and therefore is not the correct party to bring action against.
The decision itself is short and sweet. Read the entire text below or see the original (PDF).
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii
Helen Gillmor, Senior District Judge, PresidingArgued and Submitted June 17, 2010
Honolulu, HawaiiBefore: B. FLETCHER, PREGERSON and CLIFTON, Circuit Judges.
Walter L. Wagner (“Wagner”) appeals the district court’s dismissal of his claim against the United States Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation (collectively, “the U.S. government”), and others. The parties are familiar with the facts of this case, which we repeat here only to the extent necessary to explain our decision. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
This court can affirm on any ground supported by the record. Cook v. AVI Casino Enters., Inc., 548 F.3d 718, 722 (9th Cir. 2008). We review questions of standing de novo, Mayfield v. United States, 599 F.3d 964, 970 (9th Cir. 2010), and factual findings for clear error. Robinson v. United States, 586 F.3d 683, 685 (9th Cir. 2009). To establish standing, Wagner must demonstrate (1) an “injury in fact,” (2) “a causal connection between the injury and the conduct complained of” that is not attributable to “the independent action of some third party not before the court,” and (3) a likelihood that a favorable decision will redress the injury. Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 560-61 (1992).
Wagner cannot demonstrate that he has standing. A plaintiff alleging a procedural injury, such as Wagner, must still establish injury in fact. See Laub v. U.S. Dep’t. of Interior, 342 F.3d 1080, 1086 (9th Cir. 2003). Injury in fact requires some “credible threat of harm.” Cent. Delta Water Agency v. United States, 306 F.3d 938, 950 (9th Cir. 2002). At most, Wagner has alleged that experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (the “Collider”) have “potential adverse consequences.” Speculative fear of future harm does not constitute an injury in fact sufficient to confer standing. Mayfield, 599 F.3d at 970.
Even if Wagner has demonstrated injury in fact, he nevertheless fails to satisfy the causality or redressability prongs set out in Lujan. The European Center for Nuclear Research (“CERN”) proposed and constructed the Collider, albeit with some U.S. government support. The U.S. government enjoys only observer status on the CERN council, and has no control over CERN or its operations. Accordingly, the alleged injury, destruction of the earth, is in no way attributable to the U.S. government’s failure to draft an environmental impact statement.
CERN maintains total ownership, management, and operational control of the Collider. CERN has never been properly served, and is not a party to this case. Even if this court were to render a decision in Wagner’s favor, such a decision would have no impact on CERN or Collider operations, and would not afford Wagner the relief he seeks. [[Because our determination of standing is not dependent on the identity of the Appellant, we need not address whether Luis Sancho is a party to this appeal.]]
AFFIRMED.
Thanks to R. Penner for the tip that the decision had been reached.
David Harris
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11 Comments »



August 26th, 2010 at 2:55 pm
You are very welcome. — The [[ ]] notation in the last paragraph is meant to denote a footnote in the original. (The US Government has something like the opposite of the UK’s Crown Copyright. All US Government-published materials like the above decision, are free to copy. I’m not sure if that applies to the court papers of others if filed in Federal court.)
Wagner’s original 2008 lawsuit named multiple entities, including CERN, collections of inanimate objects (like Fermilab) and multiple US Government departments. But Government lawyers heroically whittled down the case.
Covering this trial gave me an excuse to go to Hawaii. The highlight of the hearing for me was when Wagner tried to compare his stint as a VA hospital worker as longer than Judge Pregerson’s Federal service which started in WWII. I believe the US Government lawyer for the appeal, a Mr. John Arbab, was encouraged by this gaff to give Wagner and Sancho more speaking time.
My comment on the previous entry has a link to follow to find the appellate transcript (unofficial) and audio of the hearing, as well as links to the 2008 decision and summary of the original case.
August 26th, 2010 at 3:02 pm
Oops, left out supporting quote from 2008:
“The parties dispute whether Fermilab has been appropriately named as a Defendant. Federal Defendants state that Fermilab is a collection of federal buildings, facilities, and equipment wholly-owned by the United States Department of Energy, not a separate legal entity. (Federal Defendants’ Livengood Decl. ¶ 5.)”
August 26th, 2010 at 3:49 pm
To answer rpenner’s question, yes, all non-sealed filings in U.S. Federal Courts are free to be copied and quoted. Anyone may open an account on the Public Access to Court Electronic Records (PACER) system and download them for $.08/page.
So, is this Wagner guy one of these fruitcakes who thinks that LHC is going to create a black hole which will suck the earth into itself or just destroy space-time altogether? I had heard about people like that and, perversely, always wanted to meet one.
August 26th, 2010 at 5:02 pm
Wagner used to be purely pro-black hole. A letter exchange with Nobel laureate Frank Wilczek in Scientific American, vol. 281 no. 1, p. 8, (July 1999) marks not only the highlight of Wagner’s scholarly publications, but got him started on the strangelet analogue of Ice-9. Since then, Wagner sued the RHIC and LHC with both black holes and strangelets in mind. Wilczek is one of the three amici who made an appearance in the 2008 case and the 2009-2010 appeal.
I think a 2004 article in CERN Courier on hypothetical extra-large extra dimensions had the speculation that a 1 TeV scale would turn the LHC into a “black hole factory” which prompted much of the insanity which peaked in 2008 with the reported death of an Indian girl.
http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/29199
http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/sep/10end.htm
http://sciforums.com/showthread.php?p=2609237#post2609237
August 26th, 2010 at 5:40 pm
I think Walter had his best moments on The Daily Show:
http://ccinsider.comedycentral.com/2009/05/01/john-oliver-visits-the-large-hadron-collider/
August 27th, 2010 at 2:07 pm
Thanks rpenner, that is quite an eye opener.
Personally, if I were a judge, this is how I would handle these cases: I would dismiss it, but without prejudice. That means the case can be re-opened if more evidence arises. That way, Wagner could re-open his case at such time as the Earth gets sucked into a black hole weighing less than a mote of dust.
August 27th, 2010 at 5:37 pm
As Wagner has not been able to satisfy the court on topics like the Hague convention (for serving foreign entities in US Federal Court) or the limited power of courts and thus the need to establish standing to sue under Article III of the US Constitution, I doubt the courts are going to see eye-to-eye with Wagner on the topic of what constitutes evidence. In a letter exchange to the US Appellate court begun after the final hearing, Wagner asserted that everything on arXiv.org was peer-reviewed and non-speculative science, and offered a brand new article which cited but misunderstood the main gist of Giddings and Mangano (2008), and had fear-mongering hyperbola in the abstract which was not supported in the paper itself.
Also, in parts Wagner seems to want to rely on himself as the star expert witness despite having no relevant background to be discovered in a voir dire. In other parts Wagner seems to claim that every speculative idea gives rise to an actual non-speculative risk, even when the ideas are contradictory or self-contradictory. That’s no way to do science or run a courtroom.
If anything, the laundry list of speculative ideas on ways the LHC might pose a risk which are never explored deeper than naming them, makes Wagner’s side seem on the face of it to be less credible than someone who explores an idea deeply. This is why the Giddings and Mangano paper succeeds on so many levels — it wipes out a class of objects as possibly being dangerous despite their being nearly magical in their lack of correspondence with known physical analogues.
Other coverage:
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/08/27/wagner_appeal_fail/
http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2010/08/lawsuit-against-particle-colli.html
Steven B. Giddings and Michelangelo M. Mangano. “Astrophysical implications of hypothetical stable TeV-scale black holes” Physical Review D78 035009 (2008) http://arxiv.org/abs/0806.3381
August 31st, 2010 at 4:44 am
Just for curiosity, which one is the “brand new article” that you mention in the first paragraph? Also, I see that the first of the links above points to a funny story I wasn’t aware of: http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20069143,00.html
Cheers, Ptrslv72
August 31st, 2010 at 4:30 pm
I wrote: “… Wagner asserted that everything on arXiv.org was peer-reviewed and non-speculative science, and offered a brand new article which cited but misunderstood the main gist of Giddings and Mangano (2008), and had fear-mongering hyperbola in the abstract which was not supported in the paper itself.”
Ptrslv72 asked “which one” …
I don’t want to drag Professor Doyeol (David) Ahn, Director of the Institute of Quantum Information Processing and Systems at the University of Seoul into this, so let me just point out that the abstract below (since revised) was mined by Wagner for arXiv under the (false) premise that it was the product of peer-reviewed publication.
Timeline:
June 11 http://arxiv.org/abs/1006.2198v1 goes on arXiv
June 17 Honolulu appeal hearing before a 3-judge panel
June 18 Wagner pens a letter mentioning paper
June 25 Letter appears on Docket for case 08-17389
June 28 http://arxiv.org/abs/1006.2198v2 is revised — still doesn’t look like Giddings and Mangano (2008) was understood.
July 12 Government lawyer cites arXiv pages indicating arXiv is not synonymous with peer-reviewed
July 13 My initial coverage of post-hearing exchange http://sciforums.com/showthread.php?p=2582658#post2582658
July 20 Wagner writes another letter claiming Government (and arXiv) is wrong on above point
July 26 My coverage of the merits and flaws in Wagner’s last letter, which prompted Wagner’s complaint that I should laboriously retype his filings and papers and post them verbatim, when he already runs a webpage devoted to such filings which hasn’t been updated since 2008.
August 24 Court delivered a terse ruling
August 26 Government asks Sancho and Wagner to pay their Xerox bill.
August 28 Luis Sancho reacts to ruling and press coverage of story.
My thanks to the comments moderation team at Symmetry Breaking. I know a vanishingly small percentage of your readers are interested in the law, where fundamental physics is rarely directly observed, but some of us are very interested.
September 8th, 2010 at 12:51 pm
A response to the Giddings and Mangano paper:
http://www.risk-evaluation-forum.org/LHCrisk.pdf
September 11th, 2010 at 8:10 am
Thank you for inspiration. The discussion about “Black holes (mini) – application” at the Galaxy Zoo Forum was really fierce.