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Top-cited high-energy physics articles during 2008

Each year, the SPIRES team compiles a list of the most-cited research articles in high-energy physics. Here we present the most recent addition to this collection. As usual, the Particle Data Group's Review of Particle Physics tops the 2008 list of the most highly cited papers. The top ten is composed of papers in observational astrophysics/cosmology, string theory, and extra dimensions.

Keep in mind that citation counts can never be exact: There is something like a 5% error in most of these numbers. Please do not fret about number 32 versus 33, as this is often not a statistically significant difference. Remember the detailed warning about the accuracy of these counts. A collection of lists for topcited papers in 2008 for individual eprint archives is available.

Also note that the counts shown, and used in the rankings, are the counts as of Thursday, January 8, 2009. Further, the counts shown by the ranking are only the cites satisfying the criteria for that list. Actual citation numbers in the database may change as corrections are made and papers are added, the links will take you to the updated numbers. The lists, however, will not update.

  1. 1994
    Review of Particle Physics
    By Particle Data Group
    Citations are counted for all versions of the RPP, most recent version is:
    Published in:Phys.Lett.B667:1,2008
    [391 Total citations in HEP]
    [32872 Total Citations to all copies of RPP in HEP]
  2. 924
    Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) three year results: implications for cosmology
    By WMAP Collaboration
    Published in:Astrophys.J.Suppl.170:377,2007
    (arXiv:astro-ph/0603449)
    [3245 Total citations in HEP]
  3. 731
    The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity
    By Juan Martin Maldacena (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Adv.Theor.Math.Phys.2:231-252,1998, Int.J.Theor.Phys.38:1113-1133,1999
    (arXiv:hep-th/9711200)
    [5812 Total citations in HEP]
  4. 658
    Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
    By WMAP Collaboration
    HEP Record
    (arXiv:0803.0547)
    [683 Total citations in HEP]
  5. 500
    Maps of dust IR emission for use in estimation of reddening and CMBR foregrounds
    By David J. Schlegel (Durham U.), Douglas P. Finkbeiner, Marc Davis (UC, Berkeley).
    Published in:Astrophys.J.500:525,1998
    (arXiv:astro-ph/9710327)
    [3910 Total citations in HEP]
  6. 492
    First year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: Determination of cosmological parameters
    By WMAP Collaboration
    Published in:Astrophys.J.Suppl.148:175,2003
    (arXiv:astro-ph/0302209)
    [5133 Total citations in HEP]
  7. 491
    Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 high redshift supernovae
    By Supernova Cosmology Project
    Published in:Astrophys.J.517:565-586,1999
    (arXiv:astro-ph/9812133)
    [4168 Total citations in HEP]
  8. 480
    Anti-de Sitter space and holography
    By Edward Witten (Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study).
    Published in:Adv.Theor.Math.Phys.2:253-291,1998
    (arXiv:hep-th/9802150)
    [3900 Total citations in HEP]
  9. 462
    Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant
    By Supernova Search Team
    Published in:Astron.J.116:1009-1038,1998
    (arXiv:astro-ph/9805201)
    [3981 Total citations in HEP]
  10. 425
    Gauge theory correlators from noncritical string theory
    By S.S. Gubser, Igor R. Klebanov, Alexander M. Polyakov (Princeton U.).
    Published in:Phys.Lett.B428:105-114,1998
    (arXiv:hep-th/9802109)
    [3433 Total citations in HEP]
  11. 393
    A Large mass hierarchy from a small extra dimension
    By Lisa Randall (Princeton U. & MIT, LNS), Raman Sundrum (Boston U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.83:3370-3373,1999
    (arXiv:hep-ph/9905221)
    [4029 Total citations in HEP]
  12. 311
    Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
    By G. Bruzual (Merida, CIDA), Stephane Charlot (Garching, Max Planck Inst. & Paris, Inst. Astrophys.).
    Published in:Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc.344:1000,2003
    (arXiv:astro-ph/0309134)
    [1225 Total citations in HEP]
  13. 295
    Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Likelihoods and Parameters from the WMAP data
    By WMAP Collaboration
    HEP Record
    (arXiv:0803.0586)
    [306 Total citations in HEP]
  14. 288
    A Universal density profile from hierarchical clustering
    By Julio F. Navarro (Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.), Carlos S. Frenk (Durham U.), Simon D.M. White (Garching, Max Planck Inst.).
    Published in:Astrophys.J.490:493-508,1997
    (arXiv:astro-ph/9611107)
    [2107 Total citations in HEP]
  15. 283
    An Alternative to compactification
    By Lisa Randall (Princeton U. & MIT, LNS), Raman Sundrum (Boston U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.83:4690-4693,1999
    (arXiv:hep-th/9906064)
    [3607 Total citations in HEP]
  16. 280
    The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)
    By M.F. Skrutskie, R.M. Cutri, R. Stiening, M.D. Weinberg, S. Schneider, J.M. Carpenter, C. Beichman, R. Capps, T. Chester, J. Elias, J. Huchra, J. Liebert, C.
    Lonsdale, D.G. Monet, S. Price, P. Seitzer, T. Jarrett, J.D. Kirkpatrick, J.E. Gizis, E. Howard, T. Evans, J. Fowler, L. Fullmer, R. Hurt, R. Light, E.L. Kopan,
    K.A. Marsh, H.L. McCallon, R. Tam, S. Van Dyk, S. Wheelock.
    Published in:Astron.J.131:1163-1183,2006
    [633 Total citations in HEP]
  17. 280
    The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
    By SDSS Collaboration
    Published in:Astron.J.120:1579-1587,2000
    (arXiv:astro-ph/0006396)
    [1683 Total citations in HEP]
  18. 277
    The Hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimeter
    By Nima Arkani-Hamed (SLAC), Savas Dimopoulos (Stanford U., Phys. Dept.), G.R. Dvali (ICTP, Trieste).
    Published in:Phys.Lett.B429:263-272,1998
    (arXiv:hep-ph/9803315)
    [3632 Total citations in HEP]
  19. 269
    Type Ia supernova discoveries at z > 1 from the Hubble Space Telescope: Evidence for past deceleration and constraints on dark energy evolution
    By Supernova Search Team
    Published in:Astrophys.J.607:665-687,2004
    (arXiv:astro-ph/0402512)
    [1548 Total citations in HEP]
  20. 269
    Dynamics of dark energy
    By Edmund J. Copeland (Nottingham U.), M. Sami (Jamia Millia Islamia), Shinji Tsujikawa (Gunma Coll. Tech.).
    Published in:Int.J.Mod.Phys.D15:1753-1936,2006
    (arXiv:hep-th/0603057)
    [706 Total citations in HEP]
  21. 265
    New generation of parton distributions with uncertainties from global QCD analysis
    By J. Pumplin, D.R. Stump, J. Huston, H.L. Lai, Pavel M. Nadolsky, W.K. Tung (Michigan State U.).
    Published in:JHEP 0207:012,2002
    (arXiv:hep-ph/0201195)
    [1286 Total citations in HEP]
  22. 257
    The Supernova legacy survey: Measurement of omega(m), omega(lambda) and W from the first year data set
    By The SNLS Collaboration
    Published in:Astron.Astrophys.447:31-48,2006
    (arXiv:astro-ph/0510447)
    [804 Total citations in HEP]
  23. 255
    Particle Creation by Black Holes
    By S.W. Hawking (Cambridge U.).
    Published in:Commun.Math.Phys.43:199-220,1975, Erratum-ibid.46:206-206,1976
    [3224 Total citations in HEP]
  24. 239
    The relationship between infrared, optical, and ultraviolet extinction
    By Jason A. Cardelli, Geoffrey C. Clayton, John S. Mathis (Washburn Observ.).
    Published in:Astrophys.J.345:245-256,1989
    [1972 Total citations in HEP]
  25. 235
    The Structure of cold dark matter halos
    By Julio F. Navarro (Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.), Carlos S. Frenk (Durham U.), Simon D.M. White (Garching, Max Planck Inst.).
    Published in:Astrophys.J.462:563-575,1996
    (arXiv:astro-ph/9508025)
    [1593 Total citations in HEP]
  26. 223
    The Luminosity function and stellar evolution
    By Edwin E. Salpeter.
    Published in:Astrophys.J.121:161,1955
    [1463 Total citations in HEP]
  27. 218
    Large N field theories, string theory and gravity
    By Ofer Aharony (Rutgers U., Piscataway), Steven S. Gubser (Harvard U.), Juan Martin Maldacena (Harvard U. & Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study), Hirosi Ooguri (UC
    , Berkeley & LBL, Berkeley), Yaron Oz (CERN).
    Published in:Phys.Rept.323:183-386,2000
    (arXiv:hep-th/9905111)
    [2012 Total citations in HEP]
  28. 214
    PYTHIA 6.4 Physics and Manual
    By Torbjorn Sjostrand (Lund U., Dept. Theor. Phys.), Stephen Mrenna, Peter Skands (Fermilab).
    Published in:JHEP 0605:026,2006
    (arXiv:hep-ph/0603175)
    [422 Total citations in HEP]
  29. 209
    CP Violation in the Renormalizable Theory of Weak Interaction
    By Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa (Kyoto U.).
    Published in:Prog.Theor.Phys.49:652-657,1973
    [5594 Total citations in HEP]
  30. 208
    Detection of the baryon acoustic peak in the large-scale correlation function of SDSS luminous red galaxies
    By SDSS Collaboration
    Published in:Astrophys.J.633:560-574,2005
    (arXiv:astro-ph/0501171)
    [711 Total citations in HEP]
  31. 206
    The Inflationary Universe: A Possible Solution to the Horizon and Flatness Problems
    By Alan H. Guth (SLAC).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D23:347-356,1981
    [3305 Total citations in HEP]
  32. 204
    Black holes in binary systems. Observational appearance
    By N.I. Shakura (Sternberg Astron. Inst.), R.A. Sunyaev (Moscow, IPM).
    Published in:Astron.Astrophys.24:337-355,1973
    [1419 Total citations in HEP]
  33. 203
    The Cosmological constant and dark energy
    By P.J.E. Peebles (Princeton U.), Bharat Ratra (Kansas State U.).
    Published in:Rev.Mod.Phys.75:559-606,2003
    (arXiv:astro-ph/0207347)
    [1207 Total citations in HEP]
  34. 203
    High-energy physics event generation with PYTHIA 6.1
    By Torbjorn Sjostrand (Lund U., Dept. Theor. Phys.), Patrik Eden (Nordita), Christer Friberg, Leif Lonnblad, Gabriela Miu (Lund U., Dept. Theor. Phys.), Stephen
    Mrenna (UC, Davis), Emanuel Norrbin (Lund U., Dept. Theor. Phys.).
    Published in:Comput.Phys.Commun.135:238-259,2001
    (arXiv:hep-ph/0010017)
    [1405 Total citations in HEP]
  35. 199
    Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Data Processing, Sky Maps, and Basic Results
    By WMAP Collaboration
    HEP Record
    (arXiv:0803.0732)
    [208 Total citations in HEP]
  36. 194
    First year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: Preliminary maps and basic results
    By WMAP Collaboration
    Published in:Astrophys.J.Suppl.148:1,2003
    (arXiv:astro-ph/0302207)
    [2480 Total citations in HEP]
  37. 193
    Gauge symmetry and supersymmetry of multiple M2-branes
    By Jonathan Bagger (Johns Hopkins U.), Neil Lambert (King's Coll. London, Dept. Math).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D77:065008,2008
    (arXiv:0711.0955)
    [195 Total citations in HEP]
  38. 190
    Cosmological constant: The Weight of the vacuum
    By T. Padmanabhan (IUCAA, Pune).
    Published in:Phys.Rept.380:235-320,2003
    (arXiv:hep-th/0212290)
    [890 Total citations in HEP]
  39. 188
    Simulating the joint evolution of quasars, galaxies and their large-scale distribution
    By Volker Springel, Simon D.M. White, Adrian Jenkins, Carlos S. Frenk, Naoki Yoshida, Liang Gao, Julio Navarro, Robert Thacker, Darren Croton, John Helly, John
    A. Peacock, Shaun Cole, Peter Thomas, Hugh Couchman, August Evrard, Joerg Colberg, Frazer Pearce (Garching, Max Planck Inst. & Durham U. & Nagoya U. & Victoria
    U. & McMaster U. & Edinburgh U., Inst. Astron. & Sussex U. & Sussex U., Astron. Ctr. & Michigan U. & Pittsburgh U. & Nottingham U.).
    Published in:Nature 435:629-636,2005
    (arXiv:astro-ph/0504097)
    [486 Total citations in HEP]
  40. 186
    De Sitter vacua in string theory
    By Shamit Kachru (Stanford U., Phys. Dept. & SLAC), Renata Kallosh, Andrei Linde (Stanford U., Phys. Dept.), Sandip P. Trivedi (Tata Inst.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D68:046005,2003
    (arXiv:hep-th/0301240)
    [1168 Total citations in HEP]
  41. 186
    New Hubble Space Telescope Discoveries of Type Ia Supernovae at z>=1: Narrowing Constraints on the Early Behavior of Dark Energy
    By Adam G. Riess, Louis-Gregory Strolger, Stefano Casertano, Henry C. Ferguson, Bahram Mobasher, Ben Gold, Peter J. Challis, Alexei V. Filippenko, Saurabh Jha,
    Weidong Li, John Tonry, Ryan Foley, Robert P. Kirshner, Mark Dickinson, Emily MacDonald, Daniel Eisenstein, Mario Livio, Josh Younger, Chun Xu, Tomas Dahlen, Da
    niel Stern (Johns Hopkins U. & Baltimore, Space Telescope Sci. & Western Kentucky U. & Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys. & UC, Berkeley, Astron. Dept. & Inst.
    Astron., Honolulu & NOAO, Tucson & Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ. & Caltech, JPL).
    Published in:Astrophys.J.659:98-121,2007
    (arXiv:astro-ph/0611572)
    [421 Total citations in HEP]
  42. 180
    Cosmological parameters from SDSS and WMAP
    By SDSS Collaboration
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D69:103501,2004
    (arXiv:astro-ph/0310723)
    [1225 Total citations in HEP]
  43. 179
    New dimensions at a millimeter to a Fermi and superstrings at a TeV
    By Ignatios Antoniadis (Ecole Polytechnique), Nima Arkani-Hamed (SLAC), Savas Dimopoulos (Stanford U., Phys. Dept.), G.R. Dvali (ICTP, Trieste).
    Published in:Phys.Lett.B436:257-263,1998
    (arXiv:hep-ph/9804398)
    [2707 Total citations in HEP]
  44. 178
    Algebraic structures on parallel M2-branes
    By Andreas Gustavsson (Goteborg, ITP).
    HEP Record
    (arXiv:0709.1260)
    [181 Total citations in HEP]
  45. 176
    The Many lives of AGN: Cooling flows, black holes and the luminosities and colours of galaxies
    By Darren J. Croton, Volker Springel, Simon D.M. White, G. De Lucia (Garching, Max Planck Inst.), C.S. Frenk (Durham U.), L. Gao (Garching, Max Planck Inst.), A
    . Jenkins (Durham U.), G. Kauffmann (Garching, Max Planck Inst.), J.F. Navarro (Victoria U.), N. Yoshida (Nagoya U.).
    Published in:Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc.365:11-28,2006
    (arXiv:astro-ph/0508046)
    [439 Total citations in HEP]
  46. 175
    Experimental and theoretical challenges in the search for the quark gluon plasma: The STAR Collaboration's critical assessment of the evidence from RHIC collisi
    ons
    By STAR Collaboration
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.A757:102-183,2005
    (arXiv:nucl-ex/0501009)
    [624 Total citations in HEP]
  47. 174
    Anti-de Sitter space, thermal phase transition, and confinement in gauge theories
    By Edward Witten (Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study).
    Published in:Adv.Theor.Math.Phys.2:505-532,1998
    (arXiv:hep-th/9803131)
    [1205 Total citations in HEP]
  48. 174
    N=6 superconformal Chern-Simons-matter theories, M2-branes and their gravity duals
    By Ofer Aharony (Weizmann Inst.), Oren Bergman (Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study & Technion), Daniel Louis Jafferis (Rutgers U., Piscataway), Juan Maldacena (Pri
    nceton, Inst. Advanced Study).
    Published in:JHEP 0810:091,2008
    (arXiv:0806.1218)
    [176 Total citations in HEP]
  49. 173
    Modeling Multiple M2's
    By Jonathan Bagger (Johns Hopkins U.), Neil Lambert (King's Coll. London, Dept. Math).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D75:045020,2007
    (arXiv:hep-th/0611108)
    [184 Total citations in HEP]
  50. 170
    Star formation in galaxies along the Hubble sequence
    By Robert C. Kennicutt, Jr. (Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.).
    Published in:Ann.Rev.Astron.Astrophys.36:189-231,1998
    (arXiv:astro-ph/9807187)
    [929 Total citations in HEP]